Phage are viruses that must infect bacteria to reproduce. Viral genomes do not contain all the genes needed to produce all proteins necessary for DNA replication, RNA transcription, and protein translation; instead the viruses force bacterial proteins and enzymes to express phage genes instead of bacterial genes.
Phage are very adaptable, and their behavior depends on whether conditions are favorable or unfavorable for making more phage.
When bacteria are plentiful (favorable conditions), viral DNA within the bacteria remains separate from the bacterial chromosome, and the virus forces the bacteria to make more virus. When the amount of virus becomes too much for the cell to hold, the membrane ruptures, and viruses are released to infect surrounding bacteria. This is known as the lytic cycle.
When bacteria are scarce (unfavorable conditions), the viral DNA within the bacteria becomes integrated into the bacterial chromosome. The bacteria survive and are still able to reproduce; viral DNA is transmitted to daughter cells when the bacteria reproduces. This is known as the lysogenic cycle.
As you just read, phage depend on bacteria to reproduce. Phage can be maintained by infecting a culture of bacteria with a strain of phage, and then plating the bacteria on an agar plate to grow.
Suppose that you isolate two mutant strains of phage - one strain cannot enter the lytic cycle and the other strain cannot enter the lysogenic cycle. You also grow wild-type phage as a control. You see three different phenotypes:
A plate with no missing bacteria- the lawn of bacteria is intact
A plate with spots/circles (called plaques) where there are absolutely no bacteria in the circles
A plate with spots/circles (called plaques) where there are some bacteria in the center of the circles.
Based on what you know about what happens in each cycle, match the plating results with the identity of the strain.
Drag each plate into the correct category.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

A plate with no missing bacteria- the lawn of bacteria is intact----strain with lysogenic cycle.

A plate with spots/circles (called plaques) where there are absolutely no bacteria in the circles---- lytic cycle

A plate with spots/circles (called plaques) where there are some bacteria in the center of the circles----- wild type phage.

Explanation:

The strain which cannot enter the lytic cycle having no missing bacteria on the plate because the virus remains inside the bacterial cell while on the other hand, the other strain that cannot enter the lysogenic cycle having no bacteria on the circle due to infection of virus spreads throughout the cells and no bacterial cell remains uninfected. One plate having some bacteria and some space having no bacteria due to virus of wild type that shows both cycles.


Related Questions

Why don’t mosses grow very tall?
They need energy to make food, which they get by being close to the ground.
They don’t have roots, so they must be near water.
They need to send out spores via water.
They have seeds that need to roll away.

Answers

Answer:

Hello~

Llamalover here!

Mosses have some water-conducting cells, but they do not have the empty, lignin-reinforced cells that allow vascular plants to transport water with strong pressure gradients. Thus, mosses have very limited water transport ability and can't grow very tall.

So, your answer is They need to send out spores via water. I believe

Explanation:

Hope this helps!

In North America, about 65% of the population can taste
PTC
Calculate the frequencies of the dominant allele (p) and
the recessive allele (q) for the information presented.
Round to the nearest hundredth.
Value of p:
Value of q:

Answers

Answer:

p= 0.41

q=0.59

DUE TODAY
A flower that has showy stamens, but no petals is,
Group of answer choices

perfect

bilateral symmetry

irregular

incomplete

Answers

Your answer would be incomplete

true or false.chromatid separet during anaphase

Answers

Answer:

the answer of the question is False

Nitrogen cannot be used by plants or animals in its gaseous form. Place the steps of the nitrogen cycle in order to show how nitrogen becomes usable to plants and animals.

Answers

Explanation:

I don't know the answer, but someone already answer it the question are similar you can check for your self

((I need the questions a. and b. please)))​

Answers

Answer:

Genotypic ratio: 2:2

Phenotypic ratio: 2:2

Explanation:

There are 2 combinations of Hh and 2 combinations of hh

There are 2 chances that the offspring will have 2 heads

There are 2 chances that the offspring will have 3 heads

The three basic parts of a nucleus are the nuclear membrane, the nucleolus and the___

options:

Chromatin
vacuoles
Golgi bodies

Answers

Answer:

chromatin

Explanation:

its DNA and proteins that form chromosomes in the nucleus I'm pretty sure

Answer:

Chromatin

Explanation:

The nucleus has three parts the nuclear membrane,  chromatin, and nucleolus.

what happens when you put a small amount of solute in a large amount of solvent?
a.the solution will be concentrated​

Answers

Explanation:

the solution will be diluted or less concentrated ...as amount of solvent is greater than amount of solute ..

hope this will be helpful to you . plz mark my answer as brainlist if you find it useful.

As more solute is added to the solution the solution becomes more concentrated.

13. Colorblindness is an x-linked recessive trait. What
does this mean for individual IV-7's male children?

Answers

Answer:

The male children cannot be colourblind because chromosomes for males are XY, and because it is a recessive trait, they would need 2 X chromosome with the colourblindness trait

What is the purpose of a control in this experiment?

Question 9 options:

The control is the tube that only has milk in it.


The control is the one tube that we know will show milk digestion.


The control is the one tube that we know will not show milk digestion.


The control is the only one the scientist changes.

Answers

Answer:

I can't definitively answer this because I don't know the experiment, but I can help.

Explanation:

The "control group" of an experiment is like a dry simulation, where there is no variables changed across all the different trials you do. This is different from a dependent variable or an independent variable. Using your newfound knowledge of what a control group is you can automatically cross off the last option.

Since I cannot see what your experiment was I can't give you which of the top 3 answers it is however. You need to look at which one has no change.

If I were to blindly guess I would say the top option seems like the most likely answer.

of the following job analytic techniques, which is aimed at directly connecting job analysis to the selection context by identifying the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) necessary for the job?​

Answers

Answer:

patience

Explanation:

Drag each image to the correct category.
Determine the effect of each ocean process on the salinity of the ocean.
Sea ice melts
Sea ice forms no
Ocean water
evaporates
A freshwater
stream enters
the ocean
Ocean Salinity Increases
Ocean Salinity Decreases

Answers

Answer:

1. in ocean salinity increases

2. ocean salinity decreases

3.ocean salinity increases

4. ocean salinity decreases.

Explanation:

The salinity of the ocean is increased by the evaporation of ocean water and the formation of sea ice.

The salinity of the ocean is decreased by the melting of sea ice and entering a freshwater stream into the sea.

What is Ocean Salinity?

Ocean salinity may be defined as the presence of the concentration of salts in the ocean. A Hydrometer is an instrument that determines the salinity of the ocean.

The addition of freshwater streams into the ocean and melting of ice reduce its salinity, as it makes the sea water less dense.

On contrary, the left two processes are opposite to above and thus are responsible for increasing the salinity of the ocean.

Therefore, it is well described above.

To learn more about Ocean salinity, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/3703109

#SPJ5

single-celled organisms are prokaryotes, such as archaeans and bacteria.

Answers

Answer:

That's right.

Explanation:

It doesn't seem you're asking anything, if you're asking for confirmation this is right then I can tell you it is.

Who can help me fill this in

Answers

Answer:

a - flower

b - ovule

c - fruit

d - embryo

e - seed

f - seedling

Explanation:

what are notes for the nervous system section in edge?
plz tell me the truth

Answers

Answer:

The Brain

In the brain, the cerebrum is the largest part; it controls voluntary movement (actions you choose to do), sensory processing (vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch), speech, memory, intelligence, and emotion. The cerebrum allows you to move your muscles and know what to do when you're playing. Next, the cerebellum helps regulate motor control, coordination, and balance. The cerebellum lets you play your favorite sport since it detects shifts in balance when you're moving then sends signals to your body so it can adjust and move smoothly. The brain stem has several necessary functions: however, the medulla oblongata, which connects the brain and spinal cord, best helps you play sports since it executes a critical role in regulating involuntary functions, including respiration (breathing), heart rate, blood flow/pressure, and digestion. It is essential when exercising since it controls your heart to pump blood and deliver oxygen throughout your body; respiration provides the energy you need when playing sports and oxygen to your heart.

Neurons

However, we can go into further analysis, as three types of neurons transmit information throughout your body: sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Sensory and motor neurons are located in the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System), while the CNS (Central Nervous System) holds the interneurons.

When you react to something, your body decides what it should do by sending impulses throughout the body.

Sensory Neurons

First, sensory neurons convey the information from the sensory organs (PNS) into the CNS.

Interneurons

The interneurons receive the impulses from sensory neurons in the CNS then relay the brain's response to motor neurons.

Motor Neurons

Finally, motor neurons transport impulses from the spinal cord (CNS) to the muscles or glands in your body.

How come you don't see the carotene pigments?
HELP PLEASE!!!!!!!!!

Answers

Answer: Carotenoids are pigments in plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. These pigments produce the bright yellow, red, and orange colors in plants, vegetables, and fruits.Carotenoids act as a type of antioxidant for humans.There are more than 600 different types of carotenoids. Some can be converted into vitamin A when released into the body. A few of the most common carotenoids include: 1. alpha carotene 2. beta carotene 3. beta cryptoxanthin 4. lutein 5. zeaxanthin 6.lycopene

Explanation:

What needs to change so that only the green solutes diffuse across the membrane?

Answers

Diffusion is a process which allows particles to move from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration. The process requires that particles are moving. As long as particles are not at a temperature of 0K (absolute zero) they have kinetic energy (energy of movement).

What need to be changed is ; The use of selectively/semi-permeable membrane

To selectively allow the passage ( diffusion ) of a certain type of solute through a membrane in a solution, we should make use of a selectively permeable membrane which allows only the passage of a certain type of solute contained in the solution ( like the green solutes ).

The use of permeable membrane in a solution is to selectively allow flow of solutes or solvent from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.

Hence we can conclude that what needs to be change is The use of selectively/semi-permeable membrane will allow only the green solutes to diffuse across.

Learn more : https://brainly.com/question/24097552

When the body is attacked by a foreign substance, the _____ defenses are the first to react.

Answers

Answer:

Correct answer is "non specific defenses"

Answer:

non specific

Explanation:

When the body is attacked by a foreign substance, the non specific defenses are the first to react.

True/False: The law of conservation of matter applies to the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Answers

eisjwisjjwjs // True

Answer:

It is true, The law of conservation of mass is tied to the fact that in chemical processes, atoms are conserved. Since every atom is contributed to the mass of reactants and products in a reaction, not losing any atoms is equivalent to not losing any mass.

Which statement correctly describes proteins?

A
Polypeptide chains are formed in the nucleus.

B
DNA is the original source of protein structure.

C
The function of a protein is determined by the RNA.

D
Each nucleotide base is encoded into a single amino acid.

Answers

Answer: B

Explanation:

A - not correct since polypeptide chains are formed in ribosomes which exist in the cytoplasm

C. not correct -protein function is determined by DNA

D.  not correct - 3 nucleotides aka a codon is encoded into a single amino acid.

Answer:

B.) DNA is the original source of protein structure.

Explanation:

what is the only organism that does not eat prey?

Answers

Answer:

The only organism that doesn't eat prey is prob scavengers, because scavengers eat dead organisms, so I don't rlly think dead organisms are preys :3

Explanation:

:3

Help please

the classification level that includes the most specific traits

A. species
B. kingdom
C. class
D. order​

Answers

i’m pretty sure it’s species :)

Many farmers and gardeners compost their plant and animal waste. The living material naturally decays in compost bins, forming a dirt-like substance that’s rich in nutrients. The next season, farmers use this substance as a natural fertilizer for their crops. A biology student has grown tomato plants for several years. Until now, he used an artificial fertilizer formulated for tomato plants. This fertilizer caused his plants to grow faster and taller than they grew in unfertilized soil. The student wants to know whether using natural compost will cause his tomato plants to grow faster and taller than his artificial fertilizer. Answer the following questions to plan an investigation using the steps of the scientific method and help the student find the answer to his question. Construct at least two possible hypothesis for the students experiment

Answers

Answer:The student's observations before he starts his experiment are that his tomato plants grew faster and taller with his artificial fertilizer rather than without any fertilizer at all.

Explanation:

i want brainliest pls

helpppppp!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

thats hard but brb imma find the answer for u

Answer: Their go the answers to you question

Explanation: The answers are here

Why might it be an issue to cut the trees down to build a home/shelter? How would that impact the respiration/photosynthesis cycle?

Answers

Answer:

Trees are one of the most important things lives

Because the trees take our carbon dioxide and gives us oxygen in return. It will also low the rate of oxygen provided by trees leading to may be increase in the global warming rate, and also production of heat and suffocation in crowded rooms

Trees and plants, in general, produce energy for growth using a process known as photosynthesis. Using light, water and carbon dioxide, a plant produces energy in the form of sugar and releases oxygen into the air. Forests cover approximately 30 percent of the land on earth and sustain nearly 80 percent of the world's terrestrial organisms. It is estimated that one acre of trees in urban forests can produce enough oxygen for eight people and remove 188 pounds of carbon dioxide from the air.

Oxygen comprises only about 21 percent of air's chemical component. Yet, it is extremely important to life on earth. Living organisms, from single-celled animals to humans, use oxygen to produce the energy required to sustain them. Since trees are larger plants, their production of oxygen is significant. It is estimated that tropical rainforests, produce 40 percent of the earth's oxygen even though they cover only about 6 percent of the land. Rainforests in the Amazon have declined by 17 percent in the last 50 years as a result of deforestation.

why the ocean near Christchurch is a different temperature than we’d expect for its latitude (distance from the equator).

Answers

Answer:

Water moving from the equator is warmer than would be expected based on latitude, and so is warmer than the air it passes.

Name two homologous structures in vertebrates. Why are they so called ? How do such organs help in understanding an evolutionary relationship ?
Please help me with this, i'll reward brainliest.​

Answers

Answer:

1) homologous structures in vertebrates - Limbs of birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles. 2) They are so called since they have similar basic structural plan, but appear different externally and perform different function. However they have evolved from a common ancestor. 3) The homologous characteristics indicate common ancestory.

Explanation:

I just hope this helps!

➜ Two homologous structures in vertebrates are:

Limbs of birds and reptiles.Limbs of reptiles and amphibians.

These are so called because the organ have similar structure to perform different functions in various vertebrates.

The homologous characteristics of such organs indicate common ancestory. Thus these exist an evolutionary relationship.

Antigens are foreign proteins that invade the systems of organisms. Vaccines function by stimulating an organism's immune system to develop antibodies against a particular antigen. Developing a vaccine involves producing an antigen that can be introduced into the organism being vaccinated and which will trigger an immune response without causing the disease associated with the antigen. Certain strains of bacteria can be used to produce antigens used in vaccines. Which of the following best explains how bacteria can be genetically engineered to produce a desired antigen? A. The gene coding for the antigen can be inserted into plasmids that can be used to transform the bacteria. B. The bacteria need to be exposed to the antigen so they can produce the antibodies. C. The DNA of the antigen has to be transcribed in order for the mRNA produced to be inserted into the bacteria. D. The mRNA of the antigen has to be translated in order for the protein to be inserted into the bacteria.

Answers

Answer:

A. The gene coding for the antigen can be inserted into plasmids that can be used to transform the bacteria.

Explanation:

Genetic engineering is the process of manipulating an organim's genome in order to yield a desirable result. According to this question, a vaccine is to be created using an antigen that will trigger an immune response against the particular disease in the involved organism.

However, the antigens needs to be produced by genetically engineering/modifying bacteria. To do this, the gene coding for the antigen can be inserted into plasmids, an extra-chromosomal DNA, that can be used to transform the bacteria. In other words, the plasmid + antigen gene, which represents the recombinant DNA will confer upon the transformed bacteria the ability to produce the antigen.

Answer:

The gene coding for the antigen can be inserted into plasmids that can be used to transform the bacteria.

The Five Kingdom classification system was used until the invention of:
A. the microscope.
B. the scientific method.
C. DNA sequencing.
D. genes.

Answers

I would say microscope because that’s what was used to to figure out about these other organisms. Sorry if not

The Five Kingdom classification system was used until the invention of option A. the microscope.

What are the five kingdoms?

The living organisms should be divided into five different kingdoms i.e.

FungiProtistaAnimaliamoneraAnd the plantar.

These are based on the attributes like the structure of the cell, nutrition mode, reproduction mode, etc,

Based on this, we can say that The Five Kingdom classification system was used until the invention of option A. the microscope.

Correction on the title: What are the five kingdoms Please use bullets to enumerate the kingdoms

Learn more about kingdom here: https://brainly.com/question/16568397

1. A study is being done to test the effects of habitat space on the size of fish populations. Different sized aquariums are set up with six goldfish in each one. Over a period of six months, the fish are fed the same type and amount of food. The aquariums are equally maintained and cleaned throughout the experiment. The temperature of the water is kept constant. At the end of the experiment the number of surviving fish are surveyed. a. Independent Variable: b. Dependent Variable: c. Controlled Variables/Constants: d. Experimental Controls/Control Groups:

Answers

Answer:

a. Independent Variable: different sized aquariums

b. Dependent Variable: number of surviving fish

c. Controlled Variables/Constants: amount and type of food, aquarium maintenance and water temperature

d. Experimental Controls/Control Groups: none

Explanation:

In an experiment, the dependent variable is the condition that is being measured or tested in the experimental procedure, while the independent variable isn't changed and serves to measure the outcome of the dependent variable. Moreover, the constant variables are those conditions that stay the same in the experiment. As observed in the case above described, an experiment usually has multiple constant variables. Finally, a control group is composed of individuals/research subjects who do not receive the experimental treatment, and therefore they can be used to compare the outcomes observed in the experimental groups.

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