Why do clams not have eyes?

Eukaryotic initiation begins after the assembly of pre-initiation complex.

Pre-initiation complex (PIC) is an essential component of the process of transcription. It is comprised of around 100 types of proteins that together are involved for beginning the process. The complex is seen in eukaryotes as well as archaea. The major function of the complex is recruitment of RNA polymerase.

Transcription is the process which is a part of the central dogma. Here the DNA strand is used as a template to form the single-stranded RNA. The process occurs in the nucleus of the eukaryotic organisms. It is accomplished in three steps: initiation, elongation and termination.

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One of the most well-known and successful American businessmen and inventors was Thomas Alva Edison.

He was born on February 11th, 1847, and died on October 18th, 1931. He spent 84 years on this earth. Samuel Edison and Nancy Elliott were his parents. Thomas Edison had six siblings: three sisters, three brothers. Of all, Thomas was the youngest. As a young child, Edison had little formal education. His mother gave him instruction in reading, writing, and math. He never attended high school or college.

When he was 13 years old, he sold newspapers. At the age of 19, he worked for Western Union. He created the phonograph, motion picture camera, light bulb, alkaline storage battery, automated telegraph, and carbon telephone transmitter. The lives of people were significantly impacted by Edison's innovations. Indoor illumination was revolutionized by the light bulb. The phonograph facilitated simpler communication. It reunited faraway individuals.

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Viruses are often isolated from cells by filtration based upon the fact that they are smaller than the pore size of the filter.

Virus, a small, basic infectious agent that can reproduce only in live cells of animals, plants, or microorganisms. The term is derived from a Latin word that means "slimy liquid" or "poison." Dmitry I, a Russian scientist, conducted the first study on the biological nature of viruses in 1892.

A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that multiplies solely within an organism's live cells. Viruses infect all kinds of life, including animals and plants, as well as microbes such as bacteria and archaea. They proliferate at an astonishing pace, but only in living host cells. They are acellular, which means they lack cytoplasm and cellular organelles. They have no metabolic mechanism of their own and must multiply utilising the metabolic machinery of the host cell.

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 Mongo seeds grown under sunlight sprout and grew better than those grown under darkness.

In this study, one of the factors that affect the growth of mongo seeds is sunlight. Sunlight, however, is not really required or responsible for the sprouting of seeds, but generally, it is necessary to plant growth.

Germination, on the other hand, requires moisture and temperature. Seeds store a lot of chemical energy in the form of fats and proteins that can be used to grow in the dark.

So we can conclude that the phases of the growth of the mongo seed are. Firstly, mongo seeds are soaked in water.

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Answer:

reducing the activation engery

Answer:

Volcanoes form when molten rock, or magma, rises from deep within the Earth's mantle and erupts onto the surface.

Explanation:

One of their primary distinguishing characteristics is the lack of a nuclear membrane and other vital cell organelles in prokaryotic cells.

Organelles are absent from prokaryotic cells, they lack a nucleus, and they are much smaller than eukaryotic cells. Every prokaryotic cell is protected by a cell wall. Many also contain a slime layer or capsule made of polysaccharides. Protrusions (appendages) are a common feature of prokaryotes.

A prokaryotic cell places a lot of importance on its cell wall. It aids in a variety of ways, including preserving the cell's shape, offering safety, and keeping the cell from exploding.

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Be ready to cry a lot because the Claire Outlander episode showing on Saturday, May 21, is best described as an emotional roller coaster.

The scene cut to 1954 after Claire (Caitriona Balfe) lost her young daughter and had sex with the French king (Lionel Lingelser). The day after their wedding, John gives Claire a big chest of medical supplies. When Claire thinks back to the anniversary present Jamie gave her 10 years ago, she swoons. One week after their wedding, she and Lord John engage in an intoxicated liaison. John had insisted that Claire marry him, informing her that it was the "last service" he could give Jamie as a means of protection. At John's home, the union took place.

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Answer:

Scientists insert DNA into (genetically modify) an organism to increase its resistance to diseases, improve its growth rate and size, or change its appearance. Common examples of genetically modified foods are corn, soybeans, and cotton. Corn is modified to resist insect pests or tolerate herbicides.

Explanation:

Allegory is a fictional story that uses symbolic imagery to convey a message that is not always clear from the text. Fable, parable, and apologue are all examples of kinds of allegory. Allegory may have significance on two or more levels that the reader may only comprehend through an interpretative process.

Allegories frequently use tangible things, people, and activities to represent abstract concepts or to explain circumstances and events. Allegory was used by early authors like Plato, Cicero, Apuleius, and Augustine, but it really took off in Middle Ages sustained storytelling.

A narrative story that delivers a challenging, abstract, or difficult message is an allegory. It does this by using narrative.

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic organelle that regulates intracellular calcium stages and is answerable for many mobile features inclusive of protein and lipid synthesis.

The endoplasmic reticulum is the transport system of eukaryotic cells, but it also performs many other important functions such as protein folding. It includes two subsets: Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

The endoplasmic reticulum forms an interconnected network of flattened vesicles surrounded by membranes called cisterns and tubular structures in most eukaryotic cells. The ER membrane is connected to the outer nuclear membrane. Red blood cells and sperm do not contain endoplasmic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum performs several common functions, including folding protein molecules into vesicles called reservoirs and transporting the synthesized proteins to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is also responsible for protein synthesis.

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The outcome of P generation in Mendel's experiment is that all of the plants in the F1 generation had purple flowers, none of them had white flowers.

Mendel began by experimenting with a single pea plant trait at a time. He started with a flower's color. Mendel cross-pollinated white and purple flowered parent plant. The P (for parent) generation refers to the parent plants in the tests.

The P generation's offspring are referred to as the F1 (for filial, or "offspring") generation. The F1 generation of plants all had purple flowers. They were all devoid of white blooms. Mendel questioned what had become of the white-flower trait? He assumed that white flowers are produced by some sort of inherited factor, and purple blossoms are produced by another type of inherited factor.

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One purple allele (P) and one white allele are present in all F1 plants (p). The alleles for each gene in the plant make up the genotype. Here, Pp is the genotype. A plant is homozygous if it has two copies of the same allele.

Since the monohybrid cross only involves one feature, the blossom color, it is examined. For the F1 generation, there were gametes P and p. As a result, all of the genotypes are present in the progeny during the F1 generation: Pp or heterozygous purple flowers, which are all purple flowers (phenotype similar). The dominant trait color, purple, has repressed the white color trait.

1:1 phenotypic ratio

1:1 Genotypic Ratio

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Anxious-ambivalent children tend to be disorganized when exploring their surroundings. This statement is false.

Children with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style are described as distressed when their caregiver leaves them but inconsolable when they return. Children who are anxious-ambivalent are afraid of being abandoned, but they also do not trust their caregiver to be consistent.

Anxious-ambivalent attachment is characterized by caregivers' inconsistent responses and a child's anxiety and preoccupation with their caregiver's availability, accessibility, and responsiveness during times of distress.

The anxious ambivalent attachment style shows up in adulthood when adults behave in the same way toward their romantic partners as they did in childhood with their caregiver. A husband or wife, for example, may repeatedly request and then demand that their spouse spend more time with them.

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Correct answer is :- Cell membrane or plasma membrane.

A cell is protected by its cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane. Additionally, it maintains a constant environment inside the cell, and that membrane serves a variety of purposes. One is to move compounds out of the cell that are harmful as well as nutrients into the cell. Another is that there will be proteins on the cell's membrane, which is its plasma membrane, that interact with other cells. Those proteins can be glycoproteins, meaning there's a sugar and a protein moiety, or they could be lipid proteins, meaning that there's a fat and a protein. And those proteins which stick outside of the plasma membrane will allow for one cell to interact with another cell. The cell membrane also provides some structural support.

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Strain is the muscular injury may vary in severity from localized cellular injury to complete rupture of the muscle belly/tendon.

A strain to a muscle or muscle tendon is the same as a ligament sprain. Muscle strain occurs when muscle fibers cannot deal with the demands imposed on them by exercise overload, resulting in fiber tearing.

It is a contraction-induced injury that causes muscle fibers to break as a result of excessive mechanical stress. This is usually caused by a strong eccentric contraction or overstretching of the muscle. As a result, it is common in non-contact sports with dynamic qualities like running and leaping.

Grade I (mild) strains impact only a small number of muscle fibers. There is no loss of strength, and the range of motion is fully active and passive. Pain and soreness are frequently postponed till the next day.

In Grade II (moderate) strains, about half of the muscle fibers are ruptured. Acute and severe pain is followed by swelling and a little loss of muscular strength.

Grade III (severe) strains cause the muscle to completely rupture. This signifies that either the tendon has split from the muscle belly or the muscle belly has been ripped in two. This form of strain is distinguished by severe swelling and discomfort, as well as full loss of function.

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Most genomes, including the human genome and those of all other cellular life forms, are made of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) but a few viruses have RNA (ribonucleic acid) genomes. DNA and RNA are polymeric molecules made up of chains of monomeric subunits called nucleotides.

A polymer made of two polynucleotide chains that coil around one another to create a double helix is called deoxyribonucleic acid.

All known organisms and many viruses have genetic information in the polymer that is necessary for their development, operation, growth, and reproduction.

Nucleic acids include DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Nucleic acids are one of the four main categories of macromolecules that are necessary for all known forms of life, along with proteins, lipids, and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides).

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Popcorn kernels aren't living things.

Some characteristics they have that show proof they are living organisms:

The earth on which we dwell is composed of several elements. There are two categories of these "things": living things and non-living things.

Living creatures exhibit a range of traits to varying degrees, including breathing, moving, reacting to stimuli, procreating, growing, and being reliant on their surroundings.

Non-living creatures cannot breathe, move, grow, consume, or reproduce.

So, in conclusion popcorn kernels aren't living things.

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Macrophages have the ability to phagocytize bacteria and prepare them for presentation.

The body's tissues are home to macrophages, which play a role in both health and sickness. It has recently become clear that the majority of adult tissue macrophages form during the embryonic stage rather than from circulating monocytes. There are both adult-derived and embryonically produced macrophages in every tissue, however it is not known whether macrophages from different origins may operate interchangeably or play different functions in steady state. The purpose of circulating monocytes is likewise being given new attention in light of this new knowledge. Ly6clo nonclassical monocytes and classical Ly6chi monocytes patrol the vasculature and extravascular space, respectively, in resting organs. Monocytes become macrophages when they are exposed to inflammation, although it is unknown whether resident macrophages and newly recruited macrophages have comparable roles during inflammation.

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The descriptions that apply to the ribosome is a cellular structure that is composed of both RNA and protein.

All cells contain ribosome, which are macromolecular organisms that carry out biological protein synthesis (mRNA translation). To create polypeptide chains, ribosomes combine amino acids in the order dictated by the codons of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. The short and big ribosomal subunits are the two main parts of ribosomes. Each subunit is made up of numerous ribosomal proteins and one or more ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules (RPs or r-proteins). The translational apparatus also refers to the ribosomes and related components. A messenger RNA chain is produced from the DNA sequence that specifies the order of the amino acids in a protein. Messenger RNAs are bound by ribosomes, which use their sequences to determine the proper arrangement of amino acids to produce a specific protein. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules choose which amino acids to transport to the ribosome and then bind to the messenger RNA chain via an anti-codon stem loop. There is a specific transfer RNA that must precisely match the anti-codon of each coding triplet (codon) in the messenger RNA and carries the appropriate amino acid for incorporation into a developing polypeptide chain. After the protein has been created, it can fold to create a useful three-dimensional structure.

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The only way to ultimately save coral reef is replanting reefs with coral from nurseries.

Coral reef  protect our coastlines, provide as homes to numerous marine species, and contribute to a balanced ocean food chain.

The vast limestone structures known as coral reefs are constructed by coral polyps. About 25% of all marine species known to exist are found on coral reefs, which are frequently referred to as the "rainforests of the sea."

Corals that build reefs define the underwater ecosystem known as a coral reef. Colonies of coral polyps that are joined by calcium carbonate build reefs. Most coral reefs are composed of stony corals, whose polyps cluster.

Coral reefs protect coastlines from erosion and storm damage, sustain local economies, and offer recreational opportunities. They are a source of both medications and fresh food. Over 500 million people rely on reefs for their protection, way of life, and food.

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Mendel began by mating a purple-flowering plant that was true to breed with a white-flowering plant that was true to breed. All of the blooms in the F1 generation were purple. The F2 generation, which was produced by the self-pollination of F1 plants, has 25% white flowers and 75% purple blooms.

Mendel started his research by cultivating plants that were true-breeding for a specific characteristic. When self-pollinating, a true-breeding plant will always give birth to offspring with that characteristic. A plant with yellow seeds, for instance, will always have progeny with yellow seeds. Mendel created these plants by allowing plants with just one characteristic, such white flowers or purple flowers, to self-pollinate over a long period of time. He let this go on until he was certain that the plants' progeny always possessed only one characteristic—in this case, either purple flowers or white flowers.

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Diffusion, pinocytosis, carrier-mediated transport, and transcellular transport are the mechanisms that control the movement of molecules across membranes.

Diffusion is the overall net movement of anything from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. A gradient in the Gibbs free energy or chemical potential drives diffusion.

The process by which cells take in molecules by engulfing them is known as endocytosis. The substance to be carried is caught in a little invagination that the plasma membrane forms that extends inward.

The terms "concentration gradient," "pressure gradient," and "temperature gradient" are used to describe changes in concentration, pressure, and temperature over a given distance. The Latin term diffundere, which meaning "to spread out," is the root of the English word diffusion.

Thus, Diffusion, pinocytosis, carrier-mediated transport, and transcellular transport are the mechanisms that control the movement of molecules across membranes.

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According to biologists, gay behavior is common among nonhuman animals. Many human pursuits deviate from the statistical average, and as a result, they are occasionally seen to be unnatural.

This observation implies that immoral behavior is not always associated with unnatural activity. Over 1,000 animals have been shown to exhibit same-sex behavior, which can range from co-parenting to intercourse, and as researchers start to specifically seek for the behavior, the number will surely rise. Bisexuality is more common among animals than homosexuality, which is widely practiced. He goes on to add that in the animal realm, being entirely gay is "exceptionally unusual." You should be aware that there is presently no evidence to back up the notion that your dog or cat is gay, at least not in the way that humans define homosexuality. Still more than 130 different species of birds engage in gay behaviour, sometimes in large amounts.

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d. Pipeline inventory. The conditions of the transaction determine who owns any items that are in transit.

When the shipment is FOB, the seller is responsible for it because they are the owners of the goods while they are in transit. However, with a FOB selling point, the buyer owns the product that is in transit and is thus responsible for the shipping. Products that are on the way are referred to as pipeline inventory. Usually, there is a lead time before a merchant receives an order from a supplier for a product. However, the goods counts as a component of the buyer's inventory as soon as it has been paid for, regardless of how lengthy the lead time is.

The complete question is:

________ is inventory that has been ordered but is in transit.

a. Anticipation inventory

b. Decoupling inventory

c. Buffer inventory

d. Pipeline inventory

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The three major types of contamination are physical contamination, chemical contamination, and biological contamination.

Contamination is the presence of refuse such as dust as well as particles during in the production and transportation processes. Any unwanted matter found inside the product is referred to as a contaminant. These contaminants have an impact on the product's or process's quality. Cross contamination occurs when unwanted matter has been introduced or transferred from one manufacturing process to the next.

Physical contamination would occur if a leak in the retaining containment contaminated the product inside.

An example of chemical contamination is when a product would be stored in a container which it previously held some other product but was not cleaned properly. The remaining product's chemical composition may introduce impurities into the new product, contaminating it.

Bacteria may thrive in biological contamination if the container also isn't properly cleaned and dried. The contaminated container then will affect the product, potentially introducing microbes into the batch.

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Explanation:

Some herbicides affect the morphology of the cell, resulting in the formation of pleomorphic cells [18]. Herbicides can reduce root nodulation, bacteroids, dry ...

Option  C is the correct answer that is savannas have relatively long dry seasons.

Temperature plays an important role in determining the type, adaptation and distribution of plants in the organism. For example the arctic tundra does not have much vegetation while the tropical rainforests have evergreen trees, evergreen trees shed their leaves to avoid winter while tropical rainforests have same needle shape. The drier savannas and tropical grasslands, on the other hand, have short grasses that can survive the heat.

Rainfall is characteristic of tropical forests due to the temperature range of [tex]$20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$[/tex]  to [tex]$34^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$[/tex] Precipitation is higher in tropical forests compared to savannas.

So option A is incorrect.

The climate is cold in the Arctic and Antarctic belts, so the temperature is always below [tex]$0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$[/tex] in the arctic tundra, because these arctic tundra climates are frozen almost all year round.

So choice B is incorrect.

Climate change occurs in tropical climates throughout the year. These climate changes are associated with hot and cold seasons because it has a unique growing season. These kinds of temperature differences are not there in the savannas.

So choice D is incorrect.

Savannas have a shorter dry season than any terrestrial biome. The dry and hot climate makes the leaves, grasses and trees live for a long time, because only grass can grow during the year and there are no large plants.

So choice C is the correct answer.

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If the dna content of a diploid cell in the g1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the dna content of a single cell at metaphase of meiosis ii would be same (x)

The G1 phase of the cell cycle immediately follows the cytokinesis stage of mitosis. Meiosis involves two divisions, Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I sees the division of a diploid germ cells into two diploid daughter cells. Meiosis II sees the division of these diploid daughter cells into four separate haploid gametes.

In humans, a cell prior to meiosis I has 46 chromosomes which are each replicated to divide into two daughter cells, each of which will also possess 46 chromosomes. These chromosomes are then arranged and pulled apart to be split into two haploid gametes by the end of meiosis II. As the diploid cells don't divide into haploid gametes until cytokinesis in meiosis II, the cells would still be diploid in the metaphase II stage that occurs before this and therefore have an equal number of chromosomes, x, to a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle.

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