Answer:
Most solar cells are made from silicon—the same semiconductor material that is at the heart of computers. The cells are expensive to produce because it takes a great deal of energy to purify the silicon.
What are the 3 types of spoilage?
Spoilage is the process of food, beverages, or other perishable items becoming unusable due to age, exposure to elements, or other factors.
The 3 types of spoilage are:
1. Physical spoilage: This type of spoilage is caused by physical contamination of the food, such as dirt, dust, hair, insects, etc.
2. Microbial spoilage: This type of spoilage is caused by microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and yeasts) that attack and decompose the food.
3. Chemical spoilage: This type of spoilage is caused by various chemical reactions in the food, such as oxidation, hydrolysis, and enzymatic reactions.
This can result in food that has gone bad, turned sour, or become inedible.
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A 295 g aluminum engine part at an initial temperature if 13.00 degrees Celsius absorbs 75.0 kJ of heat. What is the final temperature of the part (c of AL - 0.900 J/gK)?
In our chem lab. We have to do something called the chem 21. This weeks topic was about solving ten test tube mystery and basically we were using a plate to mix it by one chemical to one chemical.We discovered thatA=KlB=Na2sC=NH4ClD=HClE=AgNo3F=BaCl2G=H2SO4H=NaBrI=NaOHJ=CuSO4However, we have to explain why and write the net ionic equation?
our chemistry lab. The chem 21 is a requirement for us. Basically, we were using a plate to chem lab it by one chemical to one.
Your Instructor has defined tolerances, which the Chem21 computer uses to score your response. This week's theme was about solving ten test tube mysteries. You will be informed on the website whether you are required to round your response chem lab to the correct number of Significant Figures; otherwise, you need just enter a number that lies between the correct amount minus
Here are some Chemistry Practical Class 12 experiments that will help students effectively prepare for their exams. I Making potash alum or ferrous ammonium sulphate double salt. Identifying a cation and an anion in a.
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draw complete lewis dot structures for ethyl acetate, acetaminophen, phenacetin, caffeine, and aspirin. after analysis of the lewis structure of ethyl acetate (which is used as the mobile phase in this experiment), determine its polar or nonpolar nature. using the structure of ethyl acetate, is it a polar or a non-polar solvent?
The Lewis structure is a simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule. It is used to show how electrons are arranged around individual atoms in a molecule. Electrons are shown as "dots" or to connect electrons as a line between two atoms.
1) Ethyl acetate: [tex]C_{4}H_{8}O_{2}[/tex]
Ethyl acetate is a widely used solvent, especially for paints, varnishes, lacquers, cleaning compounds, and perfumes. Like last week's MOTW, dichloromethane, is used as a solvent to reduce coffee grounds. In the laboratory, ethyl acetate is a common solvent for column and thin layer chromatography.
2. Acetaminophen:
Acetaminophen is an active ingredient in hundreds of over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medications. It relieves pain and fever. Acetaminophen can also be combined with other active ingredients in medications that treat allergies, coughs, colds, flu, and insomnia. In prescription acetaminophen is found along with other active ingredients to treat severe pain. Acetaminophen can cause serious liver damage if used more than prescribed. The FDA has taken action to improve consumer safety when using acetaminophen.
3) Phenacetin:
Phenacetin has been used as an analgesic and antipyretic in both human and veterinary medicine for many years. It was introduced in treatment in 1887 and was widely used in analgesic mixtures until it was included in kidney diseases (nephropathy) due to the abuse of analgesics. Phenacetin was also once used as a stabilizer for hydrogen peroxide in hair bleaching preparations.
4-Caffeine
Caffeine is a stimulant, which means it increases activity in your brain and nervous system. Caffeine also increases the circulation of chemicals in the body like cortisol and adrenaline. In small doses, caffeine can make you feel relaxed and focused.
5.Aspirin
Aspirin is a common medicine to relieve minor aches, pains, and fever. Also, people use it as an anti-inflammatory or blood thinner.
Aspirin can buy by people can buy over the counter without a prescription. Daily benefits include relieving headaches, reducing inflammation, and reducing fever.
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Can valence electrons be in the d-orbital?
Due to the reason that inner d-orbitals do not belong to the outermost shell, these electrons are not included in valence electronic configuration
What is valence electrons ?The electrons in an atom's outermost energy level or shell are known as valence electrons. With six valence electrons, oxygen has two in the 2s subshell and four in the 2p subshell.
Ti is a transition metal with valence electrons in d orbitals since it is an element of the d block.
Normally, only electrons at the highest energy level are considered as valence electrons, however for transition metals, electrons in the d-orbital state following the preceding noble gas configuration are also counted. Fe contains 8 valence electrons, for instance, and its electron configuration is [Ar]3d^64s^2.
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Stereochemistry: Choose the chiral structures Choose the chiral structures among the ones shown. Check all that apply. Stereochemistry: Choose the achiral structures Choose all the achiral compounds among the ones shown. (Each of your choices can be achiral in any conformation, not just the ones shown.) Check all that apply.
Among the given compounds all are having chiral centres since the central carbon is attached to different groups.
What is chirality?A compound become chiral if it contains at least one chiral centre that is., a carbon atom with four different valencies. For example CFClBrI is chiral since the carbon atom is joined with four different groups.
Chiral compounds are optically active and have stereoisomers. The first given compound is chiral , where the second carbon with the OH group is attached with four different groups. One is OH, second is H, and one is CH₃ group and the last one is CH (CH₃)₂.
The second compound is also chiral where the carbon with the OH group has four different valencies. The third one is also chiral with a carbon atom having four different groups. Hence, all of the compounds are chiral.
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HI(aq) + H2O(l) = H3O(aq) + I-(aq) Identify each as either a: Bronsted-Lowry acid, Bronsted-Lowry base, conjugate acid, or conjugate base.
HI is the Bronsted-Lowry acid and water is the Bronsted-Lowry base, it accepts the H⁺.
According to Bronsted Lowry theory:
Acid is the one that release a proton
Base is the one that accept a proton
HF is the acid, it donates the proton to water.
Water is the base, it accepts the H⁺
HI (aq) + H₂O(l) → H₃O⁺ (aq) + I⁻ (aq
HF is the acid, it donates the proton to water.
Water is the base, it accepts the H⁺
The Bronsted Lowry theoryThe Bronsted-Lowry hypothesis, sometimes known as the proton theory of acid and base, was devised by English chemist Thomas Martin Lowry and Swedish scientist Johannes Nicolaus Bronsted.
According to the theory, when an acid and a base react, the acid trades its proton for the base's conjugate base, and the base for the acid's conjugate proton.
The Bronsted-Lowry hypothesis is an enlarged version of the Arrhenius theory of acid-base.
The Arrhenius theory states that while base increases the concentration of OH- ions in an aqueous solution, acid increases the concentration of H+ ions.
The Arrhenius hypothesis' disadvantage is that it can only be used to identify an acid-base interaction in an aqueous medium.
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Rank the following radicals in order of decreasing stability.
(CH3)2ĊCH2CH3, (CH3)2CHCHCH3, (CH3)2CHCH2CH2,(CH3)2C=CHCH2 is the ranking order of the radicals in decreasing stability
In chemistry, a radical, also renowned as a free radical, is a molecule that has at least one unpaired electron. Most molecules have an odd number of electrons, and the covalent bonds form bonds that hold the atoms together within a molecule are usually composed up of pairs of electrons shared by atoms connected by the bond. A chemical substance is said to be "stable" in everyday language and frequently in materials science if it is not need to in the environment or during normal use and maintains its useful properties over the timescale of its expected usefulness.
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The complete question is :
Rank the radicals in order of decreasing stability. Most stable Least stable Answer Bank (CH3)2ĊCH2CH3 (CH3)2C=CHCH2 (CH3)2CHCH2CH2 (CH3)2CHCHCH3
What is the concentration of solution which contains 16 gram of urea in 20 gram of solution?
The concentration of a solution which contains 16 gram of urea in 20 gram of solution is 80%.
What is concentration?Concentration in chemistry is a quantitative measure of the amount of solute in a given solution. It is usually expressed in terms of the amount of solute per unit volume of solution. It is commonly used to determine the amount of reactants or products in a reaction. It is also used to measure the amount of dissolved substances in a given sample, such as the amount of salt in seawater.
Urea is a non-volatile solute, meaning it does not evaporate when the solution is heated. Therefore, the concentration of the solution remains the same throughout the heating process.
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What is the ratio of rms velocity of the molecules of an ideal gas at 240 K and 60 K?
The ratio of root mean square velocity of molecules of the ideal gas is 2.
The root mean square is the sum of the squares of the individual velocity values divided by the number of values.
The root mean square is the same as the root mean square velocity.
An ideal gas is considered a monoatomic molecule with molecular mass equal to one.The root mean square velocity([tex]V_{rms}[/tex]) of an ideal gas is calculated by the formula below.
[tex]V_{rms} =[/tex] [tex]\sqrt{\frac{V_{1} ^{2} + V_{2} ^{2} +V_{3} ^{2} +....V_{n} ^{2}}{n} }[/tex]
In terms of temperature, the formula is
[tex]V_{rms} =[/tex][tex]\sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M_{w} } }[/tex]
n= Number of molecules
R= Universal gas constant (8.314 J [tex]K^{-1}[/tex] [tex]mol^{-1}[/tex])
T=Temperature(in Kelvin)
[tex]M_{w}[/tex]= Molecular weight of gas
ratio = [tex]\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3R \ 240}{M_{w} } }}{\sqrt{\frac{3R \ 60}{M_{w} } }}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{\sqrt{240} }{\sqrt{60} }[/tex]
= 2
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list the elements na, ca, rb, cl, he in order of decreasing first ionization energy.
The order of the elements in decreasing first ionization energy is He > Cl > H > Ca > Rb.
In physics and chemistry, ionization energy, ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the weakest bound electron from an isolated atom, positive ion, or molecule. The ionization energy of an atom, denoted Ei, is measured by finding the minimum energy of a light quantum (photon) or electron being accelerated to a known energy that would repel loosely bound atomic electrons. . Measurements are made in the gas phase on single atoms.
On the periodic table, the first ionization energy usually increases as you move from left to right over a period of time. This is because the increased nuclear charge causes the outermost electron to bind more strongly to the nucleus.
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Using the activity series and the information from the handbook, which method do you think the suspects used to make the coins, additive plating or displacement plating?.
They create a redox reaction between zinc solid and zinc ions using additive plating. As a result, neutral zinc atoms were produced, which were then deposited onto copper coins.
A technique for coating one metal on top of another called electroplating. Typically, this is carried out for decorative, industrial, or coin-making purposes.
There are two methods for coating a metal:
1. Additive plating
2: Displacement plating
In additive plating, a species in a solution that contributes electrons reduces metal ions. Now, the reduced metal begins to deposit on top of another metal.
When the plating metal is present in the solution during displacement plating, a metal with a lower oxidation number displaces a metal with a higher oxidation number.
The only method used by counterfeiters to create fake coins is additive plating, in which the coinage metal is deposited on top of another base metal.
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i Answer each question to the best of your ability. You can answer each question as many times as you like until you submit on the final page at which time your answers will be locked. • A re Question 1 of 9 Learn 1. Chromatography is useful for identifying unknown substances in a • O pure solution O mixture O solid
Chromatography is useful for identifying unknown substances in a mixture.
Chromatography is great physical method for observing mixture and solvents. A paper chromatogram can also be used to identify substance by comparing them with known substance. Chromatography is a system for setting apart additives of a combination. To get the system started, the combination is dissolved in a substance referred to as the cellular phase, which incorporates it via a second substance referred to as the desk bound phase.
Thus, it is useful in identifying unknown substances from a mixture.
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unbalanced redox reaction
IO3- (aq) + H₂s (aq)→I2 (s) + SO3 2-(aq)
Answer:
6IO3- (aq) + 5H2S(aq) => 3I2 (s) + 5SO3 2-(aq) + 3H2O + 4H+
Explanation:
6IO3- (aq) + 5H2S(aq) => 3I2 (s) + 5SO3 2-(aq) + 3H2O + 4H+
I = 6
O = 18
H = 10
S = 5
calculate the ph for the strong acid/strong base titration between 50.0 ml of 0.100 m hno3(aq) and 0.200 m naoh (titrant) at the listed volumes of added base: 0.00 ml, 15.0 ml, 25.0 ml, and 40.0 ml.
The pH of the strong acid /strong base for different volumes are 1.00,1.51,7,12.523.
What is pH?
Water's pH level indicates how acidic or basic it is. The range is 0 to 14, with 7 acting as a neutral value. A pH of greater than 7 denotes a base, while one of less than 7 suggests acidity. The pH scale really measures the proportion of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in a solution.
Using the concept of titration we can calculate pH for each volumes.
Using pW=pH+pOH
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A potassium atom (atomic number 19) loses an electron while forming a bond with another atom. which best describes the potassium ion that forms?
a. it is a negative ion that has one less valence electron than a neutral potassium atom.
b. it is a negative ion that has one more valence electron than a neutral potassium atom.
c. it is a positive ion that has one less valence electron than a neutral potassium atom.
d. it is a positive ion that has one more valence electron than a neutral potassium atom.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
got 100%
Select six different types of energy. physical light chemical mechanical atomic electrical mental heat
Answer:
Mechanical energy is energy that results from movement or the location of an object. Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy.
Explanation:
Nuclear energy is energy resulting from changes in the atomic nuclei or from nuclear reactions.
Example: Nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, and nuclear decay are examples of nuclear energy. An atomic detonation or power from a nuclear plant are specific examples of this type of energy.
According to the my plate guidelines, what is half of each meal supposed to be devoted to? dairy and protein fats and carbohydrates fruits and vegetables grains and meat.
According to MyPlate, half of each meal is supposed to be devoted to: C. Fruits and vegetables.
What does a balanced, healthy meal consist of?According to MyPlate, a one-dish meal is supposed to contain the following:
Fifty percent of vegetables and fruits.A quarter of grains (preferably a whole grain).A quarter of protein.We need at least half of each meal to consist of fruits and vegetables. It is because vegetables and fruits provide a wide variety of vitamins and minerals required to our body. They are also naturally low in calories and the fibers they contain help us feel full.
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What is chemical simple answer?
A chemical is any substance whose composition is known. A chemical always consists of the same "substance," to put it another way. Water is one of the substances found in nature.
What makes chemistry simple?Chemical science is the branch of natural science that investigates the composition of substances as well as their properties and reactions. It is defined as the study of matter options include chemistry.
Chemical biology: what is it?The study of chemistry and biology is combined in a field of research known as chemical biology. To study and influence biological processes, chemists commonly utilize analytical tools, tiny compounds produced by synthetic chemistry, and chemical instrumentation.
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2. Is a solution of NH4NO2 acidic, basic, or neutral? Write ALL possible acid/base reactions that could happen in water and determine which reaction will occur using the dissociation constants provided below. Be sure to explain your REASONING! Kb, NH3 = 1.8 x 10-5 Ka, HNO2 = 5.1 x 10-43. Determine the pH of an 0.100 ammonium nitrite solution. Show ALL your work below.
Natural acidic salt NH 4 NO 3 is created when a weak base (HNO 3) is used to neutralise a strong acid (HNO 3). (NH 4 OH).
Ammonium Natural acidic aqueous solution has a pH level that is less than 7, making it somewhat acidic. Why does NH4NO3 behave as an acidic salt? 2 What contributes to the acidity of NH4NO3's aqueous solution? 3 Why is NH4NO3 not a salt that is a base or basic?
In an aqueous solution, NH 4 NO 3 dissolved and divided into NH 4+ and NO 3-. The weak base's conjugate acid, the ammonium ion, can donate a proton to the water molecule and creates H + ions in the solution, which slightly increases the acidity of the aqueous solution of NH 4 NO 3.
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which of the following describes an unsymmetrical addition reaction? group of answer choices propyne with 2 moles cl2 in ccl4 propyne with 1 mole h2, ni and heat propyne with na/nh3 propyne with 1 mole hbr propyne with 1 mole br2 in ccl4
Propyne with 1 mole HBr describes an unsymmetrical addition reaction.
When a neutral reagent is added to a neutral alkene, the negative side of the reagent attaches itself to a neutral carbon atom that has a smaller number of hydrogen atoms than the positive side of the reagent.
The addition of H-X to a rational alkene such as propene produces a rational alkene. (given in image 2)
Propene and but-1-ene are examples of unsymmetrical alkenes because the groups or atoms attached to either end of the carbon-carbon double bond are unbalanced.
A hydrogen and a methyl group are found at the end of the double bond in propene, but two hydrogen atoms are found at the opposite end of the double bond in hexane. (given in image 4)
Due to the presence of these non-covalent alkenes, it is possible to obtain two different products from some addition processes. When HX molecules are added to propene, you can get one of the following reactions as given in image 3.
It depends on which side of the circuit you add HX across the two connections to determine the answer. In fact, in most cases, it is the second response that occurs. As we have described it, the hydrogen atom is bonded to the carbon atom on the right side. This is my machine.
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Calcium carbide (CaC2) reacts with water to produce acetylene (C2H2): CaC2 (s) + 2H2O (g) → Ca(OH)2 (s) + C2H2 (g) Production of 39 g of C2H2 requires consumption of ________ g of H2O
Mole measure the number of elementary entities of a given substance that are present in a given sample. Therefore, production of 39 g of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex] requires consumption of 53.6g of H[tex]_2[/tex]O.
What is mole?The SI unit of amount of substance in chemistry is mole. The mole is used to measure the quantity or amount of substance. We know one mole of any element contains 6.022×10²³ atoms which is also called Avogadro number.
moles of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex]= mass of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex]/molar mass of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex]
=39 g /26.04
= 1.49moles
for 1 mole of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex], 2 moles of H[tex]_2[/tex]O is required.
for 1.49 moles of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex], 2×1.49=2.98 moles of H[tex]_2[/tex]O is required.
mass of water= moles× Molar mass
= 2.98×18
=53.6g
Therefore, production of 39 g of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex] requires consumption of 53.6g of H[tex]_2[/tex]O.
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Convert The Following Measurement. 0.0088 G/ CM3 = KG/M3
The value of density in kg/m³ is equal to 0.00088 kg/m³.
What is the metric system?The metric system can be demonstrated as a system of measurement that is composed after the decimalized system based on the meter. Each of the fundamental dimensions can be represented by a single base unit of measurement.
For parameters derived from the base units of the system, units derived from the base units can be used such as the square meter being the derived unit for the area, a parameter derived from length.
Metric units can be defined as units based on the gram, meter, or second and decimal multiples.
Given the density in the unit of g/cm³.
Density = 0.0088 g/cm³
We know that 1 Kg = 1000 g
⇒ 1 g = 10⁻³ Kg
We know that 1 m = 100cm
1 cm = 10⁻² m
Therefore, Density = 0.0088 × 10⁻³Kg/10⁻² m³
Density = 0.00088 kg/m³
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in 1871, mendeleev predicted the existence of an element that he called eka-aluminum, which would have the following properties: atomic mass of about 68 amu, density of about 6.0 g/cm3, low melting point, high boiling point, and formed oxide compounds with the formula m2o3. what is the name of this element?
The name of this element is gallium
Was the periodic table altered by Mendeleev?
The periodic table was created on February 17, 1869, by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev. He wrote down the symbols for the chemical elements and arranged them according to their atomic weights.
A periodic table of elements is what Mendeleev referred to as. This is due to the fact that he organized the elements according to their atomic masses. He listed the elements in order of increasing atomic mass, with the lighter elements listed first.
During the classification, Mendeleev made predictions about several of the elements' yet-to-be-discovered properties. One of the elements he designated as eka-aluminum later turned out to be gallium.
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Remove the solvent using the square-tip Pasteur pipette filtration method. Rinse the crystals with approximately 0.5 mL of ice-cold water and remove the rinse with the Pasteur pipette. Scrape the wet crystals onto a piece of filter paper and allow them to dry before determining the weight and melting point. Before leaving the laboratory, Also record your partner's results in your laboratory notebook. Put your product in an appropriate container Neutralize the filtrate with 1 N your sulfuric acid to destroy any remaining reducing agent. Put the aqueous filtrate in the appropriate liquid waste container. Dispose of all contaminated Pasteur pipettes melting point and TLC capillaries, and TLC plates in the container for chemically contaminated laboratory debris. CHEMICAL SAFETY NOTE sulfuric acid is corrosive. if any solution containing sulfuric acid comes in contact with your skin, flush the affected area immediately with water for at least five minutes and have another student notify the instructor immediately. Discuss the fact that there is more than one possible stereoisomeric product from the reduction of (plusminus)-benzoin. Discuss the reduction of benzyl and identify the products that are possible from this reaction. Based on your and your partner's results, which product(s) was formed? If one product appeared to be favored, speculate as to why this was the case. Why did you need to make two mixed melting point determinations? Did these help you identify the major product? If so, explain how. Discuss and explain the similarities and differences between the reactions run in 2-propanol, methanol, and 95% ethanol.
Rinse the crystals with approximately 0.5 mL of ice-cold water and remove the rinse with the Pasteur pipette.
What are the major steps should be taken before leaving the laboratory?Before leaving the laboratory, also record your partner's results in your laboratory notebook. Put your product in an appropriate container Neutralize the filtrate with 1 N your sulfuric acid to destroy any remaining reducing agent.
Put the aqueous filtrate in the appropriate liquid waste container. Dispose of all contaminated Pasteur pipettes melting point and TLC capillaries, and TLC plates in the container for chemically contaminated laboratory debris.
Therefore, Rinse the crystals with approximately 0.5 mL of ice-cold water and remove the rinse with the Pasteur pipette.
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Which will show maximum depression in freezing point when concentration is 0.1 m NaCl urea glucose k2so4?
K2SO4 will show maximum depression in freezing point.
What is freezing point depression?
A solution's freezing point is lower than that of the pure solvent. This signifies that freezing can only occur when a solution is reduced to a lower temperature than the pure solvent.
Depression at the freezing point is a colligative property that depends on the number of particles. K2SO4 offers the most ions out of the options, leading to the greatest depression at the freezing point.
Therefore, K2SO4 will show maximum depression in freezing point.
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What will be the result if we use little amount of chemical sanitizer in sanitizing the tools used in preparing food?
Dangerous pathogens won't be reduced sufficiently without sanitizer. A surplus could be harmful.
Why is proper use of the chemical sanitizer so important?Sanitizers are substances that have the ability to eradicate microorganisms, including the bacteria responsible for food poisoning and other diseases. When used properly, they can reduce the number of bacteria on surfaces to a safe level.
What would occur if chemical sanitizers were used excessively?Concentrations higher than necessary can be hazardous, detrimental to flavour and odour, corrosive to metals and other materials, and residue-producing. Over time, a chlorine bleach sanitising solution starts to lose part of its effectiveness.
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as the temperatuere is raised from 20 c to 40 c the average kinetic energy of neon atoms changes by a factor of
The average kinetic energy of neon atoms as the temperature is raised from 20°C to 40°C, changes by a factor of 313/293.
On selling the average kinetic energy of a gas. Stating that the temperature of a gas is only related to the motion of the molecules (kinetic energy or speed of the molecules). So that the faster the motion of gas molecules, the higher the temperature of the gas.
The average kinetic energy of gas molecules in the equation for the average kinetic energy of a gas-only applies if the type of gas is a monatomic gas. For diatomic or polyatomic gases, the equation for the average kinetic energy of a gas does not apply.
The formula for the average kinetic energy equation of a gas is as follows:
KE = 3/2 RT
With:
KE is kinetic energy
R is the Boltzmann constant with a value of (1.38 x 10-23 JK-1
T is the absolute temperature of the gas in kelvin (K)
This question:
KE = 3/2 RT
[tex]\frac{K_4_0}{K_2_0} = \frac{T_4_0}{T_2_0}\\\\\frac{K_4_0}{K_2_0} =\frac{273 + 40}{273 + 20}\\\\\frac{K_4_0}{K_2_0} =\frac{313}{293}[/tex]
The average kinetic energy of neon atoms changes by a factor of 313/293.
This question is multiple choice:
a) 2
b) [tex]\sqrt{\frac{313}{293}}[/tex]
c) 313/293
d) 1/2
The true choice is C
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What are the elements located on the right side of the table called?
a soluble chloride X with liquid Y on heating to give gas Z which turns moist blue litmus paper red
1.identify Y and Z
2. give chemical test that can be used to confirm X is a chloride
Answer:(a)(i) Y is Conc. H2SO4, Z is HCl(g) or hydrogen chloride
(ii) Acidify a solution of X with dilute HNO3 and add AgNO3(aq). White ppt. soluble in aqueous ammonia confirms the presence of chloride. E.g. add solution of X to Pb2+ solution to get a white ppt. soluble when hot, reappearing on cooing.
Explanation: